CP works?

I don't have any access to cPanel/WHM or Plesk code, so I figured I'd ask here. How does a control panel actually work? Say it's written in php (like how cPanel/WHM is)...will disabling functions such as exec, system, ect. make cPanel not work?

Basiclly, how does it do things such as add a domain name? I figure it uses a bash script, but wouldn't it have to use something such as the exec function to run the script? And wouldn't that make the server insecure because anyone could use the exec function (unless you used suPHP)?

 

 

 

 

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